Accordingly, we have developed this privacy policy in order for you to understand how we collect, use, communicate, disclose and otherwise make use of personal information. We have outlined our privacy policy below. We are committed to conducting our business in accordance with these principles in order to ensure that the confidentiality of personal information is protected and maintained. Tax Calculator may change this privacy policy from time to time at Tax Calculator's sole discretion.
Monthly Income. Income Tax Slabs As per Federal Budget presented by Government of Pakistan, following slabs and income tax rates will be applicable for salaried persons for the year Where the taxable salary income does not exceed Rs. Where the taxable salary income exceeds Rs. Use License Permission is granted to temporarily download one copy of the materials information or software on Tax Calculator's website for personal, non-commercial transitory viewing only.
The Rajapaksa government now seems to have rejected the resolution, which risks further alienating the country from the West and the international community Abeyagoonasekera, The two countries seem to have respected the core interests and sovereignty of their counterparts while backing each other in international controversies. Time will tell whether Sri Lanka continues to rely on China for investments, or whether it will address its human rights issues and turn to other nations for support.
Currently, the latter seems doubtful. While we cannot generalize based on the case of Sri Lanka, it does point to a larger trend in BRI cooperation. Other countries struggling to uphold human rights and desperate for investments — developing or developed — could also potentially choose China as their partner Faiz, Even with the same amount of money for investments, China has a clear advantage: it does not impose conditionalities for aid, at least not like the West does Dezenski, As seen in Sri Lanka, it is not a question of money or morals — it is a question of money without morals.
Consequently, the B3W and the CEG will struggle to compete with China if the focus remains on forwarding infrastructure with Western values. Therefore, despite criticism, the BRI — and the pragmatic values associated with Chinese investments — are unlikely to lose popularity any time soon. Abeyagoonasekera, Asanga. Ada Derana Biz. Amnesty International. ANI News. Chandrasena, Charindra. China Power. Our CrisisWatch Digests for Ethiopia , Lebanon and Somalia offer a monthly one-page snapshot of conflict-related country trends in a clear, accessible format, using a map of the region to pinpoint developments: View the October CrisisWatch Digest on Ethiopia here.
Search current and previous CrisisWatch latest updates. New Japanese PM reaffirmed U. In call with U. President Biden, Kishida next day reaffirmed U. Meanwhile, Chinese and Russian warships 18 Oct conducted joint exercise, passing through Tsugaru Strait between Japanese main island and Hokkaido for first time. North Korea tested ballistic missile and South Korea launched first domestically-designed rocket, while Washington and Seoul mulled declaration to end Korean war.
North Korea 18 Oct tested submarine-launched ballistic missile near major east coast naval base of Sinpo, a day before trilateral meeting between U. Reports 20 Oct surfaced, however, that U. Meanwhile, Chinese customs data released 13 Oct showed China-North Korea cross-border trade more than doubled from Aug-Sept , reaching highest value in over a year in tentative sign of recovery of cross-border trade dramatically reduced during COVID pandemic.
Military activity increased during month. China 11 Oct reported beach landing and assault drill in Fujian province and 17 Oct reported integrated military-civilian cross-sea exercise using large civilian ferry likely designed to signal growing amphibious lift capabilities. Meanwhile, political statements did not indicate major changes in policies of China, Taiwan or the U.
President Biden 22 Oct said U. EU Parliament 21 Oct passed non-binding resolution calling EU to deepen ties with Taiwan, including through investment deal. Insecurity persisted as Islamic State Khorasan Province launched dozens of attacks, killing scores, and land disputes resurfaced amid dire food crisis across country. Islamic State Khorasan Province ISIS-K significantly ramped up its activities against Taliban, carrying out dozens of attacks, including three that caused mass casualties.
Additionally, smaller-scale attacks against Taliban security personnel occurred daily throughout country, notably in Nangarhar east , Kunar east and Kunduz north provinces.
Separately, Northern Resistance Front maintained low-level resistance, launching small-scale attacks in Panjshir and Parwan provinces north. UN warned of unprecedented levels of hunger as drought and economic crisis left half country acutely food insecure, according to 25 Oct UN assessment.
Ethnic and tribal tensions increased due to competition over resources. In Daikundi and Ghazni provinces centre , land disputes led to displacement of ethnic minority Hazaras. In Daikundi province, two-decade-old land dispute between Pashtun tribes of northern Uruzgan and Hazaras of Daikundi resurfaced.
Internationally, despite meetings with U. However, working relations continued with Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, China and Kyrgyzstan; relations with Pakistan deteriorated amid border skirmishes after Taliban accused Islamabad of implementing restrictions on transit of goods and people.
Deadly inter-religious violence during Hindu festival killed seven and escalated tensions between ruling Awami League party and opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party BNP.
As Hindu community observed holiest festival, violent anti-Hindu violence Oct erupted across country following circulation of video on social media that allegedly showed desecration of Quran at Hindu temple in Comilla town, sparking clashes with law enforcement and attacks on Hindu temples, businesses and homes; violence killed at least seven, including two Hindus, and injured dozens. Awami League and BNP blamed each other for violence. Police 21 Oct arrested two Muslim men, one on 21 Oct for allegedly planting Quran in Comilla temple, and one on 14 Oct for allegedly posting first social media video.
Attacks on temples continued, including 23 Oct in Chittagong city. Meanwhile, with mandate of Election Commission due to expire 15 Feb , and next general elections due at end of , PM Hasina 4 Oct said new Election Commission would be created through search committee formed by president, adding opposition BNP leader Khaleda Zia and son Tarique Rahman could not participate in polls due to their convictions; BNP Sec 5 Oct said party would not participate in polls under Awami League govt.
Violence in run-up to local elections 15 Oct killed four persons in Magura district, including one in Faridpur district 23 Oct, and two in Rangamati district on 16 and 26 Oct. UN Refugee Agency 11 Oct signed deal to start delivering aid to flood-prone Bhasan Char island; govt said 81, refugees would move there in next three months. Farmer protests turned deadly, Maoist violence continued, and talks with China on disputed border stalled. Farmer-led protests turned deadly. During 16 Oct protest on Delhi-Haryana border 16 Oct, four people tied man to barricades and cut off hand before killing him after he allegedly desecrated Sikh holy book; incident fuelled speculation of subterfuge in attempt to discredit farmer-led protests.
Meanwhile, Maoist militant 8 Oct injured security forces member during shootout in Narayanpur district of Chhattisgarh state centre. Security forces 12 Oct killed three Maoists and 15 Oct exchanged fire with others in Malkangiri district of Odisha state east ; 23 Oct killed Maoist in Lakhisarai district, Bihar state east ; 25 Oct killed three leaders in Mulugu district of Telangana state central-south.
Tensions with Chinese armed forces along disputed unofficial border known as Line of Actual Control LAC briefly spiked early month as both sides came face-to-face and close to clashing in East Tawang sector of Arunachal Pradesh state, which is claimed by China but controlled by India. Militant group The Resistance Front TRF claimed responsibility for series of attacks on non-local, non-Muslim migrants, reviving memories of early s mass exodus of Hindu Kashmiri Pandit community from Kashmir Valley.
Notably, TRF claimed responsibility for killings of two school teachers 7 Oct. In response to attacks, Indian security forces detained at least Kashmiris for questioning. Security forces 1 Oct killed alleged Lashkar-e-Tayyaba militant in Shopian district; 8 Oct allegedly killed Lashkar-e-Tayyaba militant in Srinagar; 12 Oct killed five alleged TRF militants in Shopian district; 13 Oct killed alleged Jaish-e-Mohammad commander in Tral town, Pulwama district; 15 Oct killed two suspected militants in Pulwama and Srinagar districts; 16 Oct killed two alleged militants in Pampore area; 20 Oct killed four alleged militants in Shopian and Kulgam districts.
Accusations centred around Deuba granting Rana share of cabinet designations as part of quid pro quo arrangement following 12 July Supreme Court decision which ousted previous KP Oli-led govt from office. Rana however refused to step down, 26 Oct challenged parliament to begin impeachment motion against him; Nepal Bar Association 29 Oct announced protests against Rana as Chief Justice. Violent clashes erupted between hardline Sunni group and law-enforcement agencies in Punjab; deadly militant attacks and military operations persisted.
In violent clashes, TLP activists killed seven police officers, including two in Lahore 22 Oct, and four Oct some 50km away, while injuring more than members of security forces in Punjab province. Holding negotiations with TLP leaders, interior ministry 24 Oct said it accepted TLP demands, including release of chief and detained activists.
Protests for expelling French ambassador and deadly clashes with police however persisted, prompting paramilitary Rangers 27 Oct to deploy in Punjab. Meanwhile, militant attacks and security operations continued at high intensity. Militants 4, 16, 20 Oct killed two soldiers, police officer and local politician in North Waziristan, Hangu, Bajaur and Lower Dir districts. Bomb blast 7 Oct killed three people in North Waziristan district.
Roadside bomb 20 Oct killed two soldiers and two police officers in Bajaur district. Militant attacks 22 Oct killed two soldiers in North Waziristan district; four police officers 26 Oct in Mianwali district, two soldiers Oct night in Kurram district, and two soldiers 27 Oct in North Waziristan district.
In Balochistan, roadside bomb 18 Oct killed police officer in Quetta district; militant attack 20 Oct killed soldier in Kech district. Meanwhile, teachers continued months-long strike calling for salary increases and protesting arrest and harassment of trade union leaders. Regime forces faced stiffening resistance amid wave of deadly attacks, while regional body ASEAN barred junta leader from its summit.
State Administration Council also faced growing economic crisis as dollar shortages and declining kyat currency made critical imports such as food, fuel, fertiliser and other essential goods particularly difficult; kyat stabilised as of 14 Oct but remained far below value before coup. Meanwhile, court hearings against senior National League for Democracy figures resumed. French senate same day unanimously approved symbolic proposal to recognise National Unity Govt NUG as legitimate government.
Insecurity persisted in south, while clashes between govt forces and communists killed over dozen. Gunmen 11 Oct ambushed election officer and his daughter in Basilan province, severely wounding both. Meanwhile, Bangsamoro Transition Authority continued work on priority legislation; President Duterte 28 Oct signed bill to postpone parliamentary poll in region for three years, thereby extending transition until Representatives from govt and Moro Islamic Liberation Front MILF Oct met in planning and review workshop in Davao city to discuss normalisation process; Independent Decommissioning Body Oct conducted simulation exercises for next phase of disarmament.
Maritime activity continued. Protests continued in capital Bangkok, while clashes between security forces and insurgents intensified in deep south. Police 4 Oct arrested 26 protesters in Din Daeng for violating emergency decree. Police 11 Oct arrested two youths throwing small improvised bombs at police kiosk at Asoke-Din Daeng intersection. Fifteen-year-old boy, who was shot 16 Aug by unknown assailant outside Din Daeng police station, died 28 Oct; first protester killed since anti-govt rallies resumed in Amid growing speculation of plans for early election, all major parties save Pheu Thai Party named their PM candidates by 7 Oct; PM Prayuth 12 Oct however said he was not contemplating parliament dissolution or cabinet reshuffle.
In deep south, late Sept firefight in Bacho district, Narathiwat province, that killed police officer and militant prompted two-week security operation in search of insurgents; clashes in province overnight , 7 and 13 Oct left army lieutenant and total of six insurgents dead before authorities 15 Oct announced end of operation.
Republika Srpska leadership took steps to undermine federal institutions, sparking worst political crisis in 20 years and raising prospect of secession. It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, the autonomous community of Valencia to the south, and the autonomous community of Aragon to the west.
The Republic of Crimea, officially part of Ukraine , lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is separated from Russia to the east by the narrow Kerch Strait. Mindanao, island, the second largest after Luzon in the Philippines , in the southern part of the archipelago, surrounded by the Bohol, Philippine, Celebes, and Sulu seas.
Oromia is one of the nine ethnically based regional states of Ethiopia , covering , square kilometres. It is decided by central banks and bank regulators to prevent commercial banks from taking excess leverage and becoming insolvent in the process. What does it imply? Justification: Aadhaar provides open Application Programming Interfaces or APIs, which can be integrated easily into any electronic device.
These APIs enable online authentication using a fingerprint or iris. As per this despatch:. Justification: Committee of Subordinate Legislation examines and reports to the House whether the powers to make regulations, rule, sub-rules and by laws delegated by the parliament or conferred by the constitution to the executive are being properly exercised by it.
In both the houses the committee consists of 15 members. It was constituted in Parliament amended RTE act to give teachers time till to acquire qualifications. Festival State. The Chairperson is in the rank of Secretary to Government of India. It is not under the charge of Director General of Health services. Justification: It is in the news very recently because of the announcement by the American President Donald Trump about opening of the American Embassy in Jerusalem and subsequent protests by Palestinians in which many have died.
The two state solution also keeps figuring out in the news. Not restricted to only BPL families. The nutritional and feeding norms for supplementary nutrition as prescribed by GOI are calories and grams of protein of children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years, not calories and grams of protein to pregnant and nursing mothers and calories and gm.
Statement 2: Eldest woman of the household of age 18 years or above to be the head of the household for the purpose of issuing of ration cards. Consequently, upon India joining as a member state of the TRIPS Agreement sui-geneis legislation for the protection of geographical indication was enacted in Justification: As per the new mining law — Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Amendment Act, — which came into effect from January , the non-coal mines have to be auctioned by the respective state governments.
Jharkhand has both alluvial and native gold. Alluvial gold is obtained from the sands of the Subarnarekha river, Sona Nadi in Singhbhum district and the streams draining the Sonapat valley. Native gold is found near Lowa in Singhbhum district. In Andhra Pradesh gold deposits are found in Ramagiri in Anantapur district. Statement 2 is incorrect: Debit card does not have four factor authorization and BHIM app has three factor authorization. Justification: The Union Cabinet recently gave its approval for ratification of the two fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization namely, Minimum Age Convention No concerning minimum age for admission to employment and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No concerning the prohibition and immediate action for elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour.
Which of the following is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? Justification: Statement 1: First democratically elected communist party government formed in a state in India in The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. Statement 2: Imperial bank was renamed as state bank of India in Statement 3: Air India was nationalised in Statement 4: Goa became an independent India on 18 December Which of the following in the Constitution of India correctly and appropriately imply the above statement?
Justification: Privacy is a constitutionally protected right which emerges primarily from the guarantee of life and personal liberty in Article 21 of the Constitution. Elements of privacy also arise in varying contexts from the other facets of freedom and dignity recognized and guaranteed by the fundamental rights contained in Part III.
Justification: Spread over an area of sq. Earlier a game sanctuary, it became a wildlife sanctuary in and a part of Project Tiger in The sanctuary is well-known for being home to tigers and many amazing species of hornbill. The GSLV is designed mainly to deliver the communication-satellites to the highly elliptical typically x 3.
The satellite in GTO is further raised to its final destination, viz. Due to their geo-synchronous nature, the satellites in these orbits appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth, thus avoiding the need of a tracking ground antenna and hence are useful for the communication applications. The vehicle has two solid strap-one, a core liquid booster and a cryogenic upper stage.
Justification: S1: Capital infusion has not been steady, therefore statement 1 is wrong. One of the desired objectives of consolidation of banks is the streamlining of banking operations and reduce their NPA burden.
Thus, Statement 2 is correct. Newspapers per se — with or without advertisements — are exempt from GST. Justification: Nematodes, snails, birds, and wild and domestic animals often help dissemination of plant diseases. The spores of many parasitic fungi are disseminated by air currents from diseased to disease-free host Pathogens like, bacteria are often disseminated by splashing of raindrops, as in case of Citrus canker disease.
Soil and field operation also disseminate the diseases as they result in dust blowing. The objectives of NPOP are as under:. Justification: A Definition of Money Bill. So, C is incorrect. Justification: S1: Value of vote of MLA is based on population criterion and population of each state has a different value hence, statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is a little unclear on whether it refers to an individual MP or MPs as a whole.
Thus, S2 will be wrong. To mark 25 years of collaboration, besides 10 years of summit-level association and five years of strategic partnership, India has invited the leaders of all 10 ASEAN countries to New Delhi for a commemorative summit on 25 January.
Its vision is to improve food security, nutrition and resilience in the face of climate change. GACSA aims to catalyse and help create transformational partnerships to encourage actions that reflect an integrated approach to the three pillars of CSA.
Statement 2 is correct because membership in the Alliance does not create any binding obligations and each member individually determines the nature of its participation. Statement 3 is incorrect because India is just a signatory.
Justification: Only statement 3 is correct. The Digital India programme is centred on three key vision areas:. Residuary legislative powers were vested in the Governor-General under the Government of India Act of Justification: Usually, the speaker remains in office during the life of the assembly. However, he vacates his office earlier in any of the following cases:. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Speaker holds office from the date of her election till immediately before the first meeting of the Legislative assembly after the dissolution of the one to which she was elected.
She is eligible for re-election. On the dissolution of the Legislative assembly, although the Speaker ceases to be a member of the House, she does not vacate her office.
Karnataka assembly election result created controversy related to speaker. Further last year role of speaker of assembly was in news in relation to political developments in TN and government formation in various states. Justification: The statements in this question are a little vague and prone to various interpretations based on the context.
Option B is a popular choice because it was a statement made by John Locke. Therefore, B is correct. But, then such statements are not to be considered objective realities. If there are no laws, there can be either complete liberty, because nothing restricts the actions of citizens, or NO liberty because then lawlessness can heavily curtail liberty. It really depends. It is an extreme statement to say that when there are no laws, there is no liberty Can we say there is no liberty in a Jungle?
There can be liberty despite the absence of laws. Option D : This can also be justified, but this would not be the most appropriate answer here because UPSC might well consider B as more appropriate. Option A is incorrect because if there are more laws, it may lead to more liberty as well as laws themselves might be enabling more liberty.
Justification: Article The resulting analysis presents a stark contrast in terms of both risk and responsibility. As the research in this Index confirms, citizens in G20 countries enjoy relatively low levels of vulnerability to this crime within their borders and many aspects of their government responses to preventing this crime are comparatively strong.
Nonetheless, businesses and governments in G20 countries are importing products that are at risk of modern slavery, with hardly any effort being applied by governments to regulate the labour conditions involved in their production. This chapter draws on research to identify and validate a short list of products at risk of modern slavery, and then maps out the extent to which these products are imported by G20 countries 1.
It is important to note that no single product is completely the result of forced labour. However, in the absence of information on the proportion that is tainted, our analysis shows the potential reach of modern slavery into countries considered to have low levels of vulnerability and comparatively strong responses. The methodology behind this research can be found in Appendix 3.
Adopted by the UN Human Rights Council in , the UNGPs placed on the international agenda the issue of identifying potential adverse impacts on human rights by business activity. While initiatives like the SDGs apply to all countries, individual countries have different levels of impact and influence on the global economy.
While some G20 countries have a focus on modern slavery abroad through their aid programs, it is critical to examine their efforts to address modern slavery through economic and trade measures. In , G20 leaders committed to fostering human rights due diligence in corporate operations and supply chains in line with internationally recognised standards such as the UNGPs. There are two important factors to understanding the transfer of risk from source countries to consumer countries.
The first is to identify which globally-traded products are likely to be at risk of being produced using modern slavery, and the second is to match them with their trade value. In this analysis, we focus on the at-risk products that are imported into G20 countries and their value.
We created a shortlist of 15 products that appeared most frequently in the US Department of Labor list of goods produced by forced labour. This resulted in the products and source countries listed in Figure 1. It is important to note that the quality and level of available information about both the nature of modern slavery and scale of the problem in these sectors varies widely.
In some cases, it is heavily affected by the ability of researchers to validate information. This reflects the fact that the governments of these countries enable and facilitate research.
In contrast, the information on the situation in the North Korean coal mines can be obtained only from defectors from that country, which remains entirely shut off from independent research scrutiny. Equally, some of the research points to widescale problems such as the research on the Thai fishing industry , whereas in other cases it is less clear if problems are widescale or isolated, as there is less information available. For example, information on forced labour in Chinese electronics manufacturing is based mostly on isolated reports of labour abuses in specific companies, as academic and other independent research on forced labour in China is very scarce.
The process used to develop the list contained in Figure 1 is written up in Appendix 3, along with the references which identify the products as being at-risk.
The resulting list of top five products across all G20 states includes the following:. The results of this research are set out in Methodology and visually presented on the Data import risk page. As the Global Estimates of Modern Slavery have shown, most forced labour exploitation occurs in domestic work, construction, manufacturing, as well as agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
The Global Estimates also illustrated that female and male victims of labour exploitation are distributed differently across the various sectors.
Whereas male victims were mostly found in the mining, manufacturing, construction, and agriculture sectors, female victims of forced labour exploitation were more likely to be in the accommodation and food services industry, and in domestic work.
G20 countries are importing risk of modern slavery on a massive scale. While the strength of the supporting evidence of modern slavery in various products certainly varies, for most products the evidence is clear and compelling. In these cases, it is almost certain that governments and businesses are effectively importing and trading the proceeds of crime. In recent interviews conducted with a sample of North Korean defectors, 14 one interviewee noted that "in North Korea, if your parents work in the coal mines, so will you.
He had also never seen or even heard about an employment contract for the work he was doing at the coal mine. The evidence of widescale abuses in the fishing industry is also mounting. Our analysis of risk in global fisheries suggests that of the top 20 fishing countries by volume of catch fish imported from China, Japan, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand are at risk of modern slavery.
Inland fisheries in Ghana, primarily in the Lake Volta region, were found to have a high prevalence of children that were trafficked into forced labour.
0コメント